Founder:- Rishabhnath

Total Tirthankaras:- 24(the Most important Tirthankara is Mahavira)

Rishabhnath:- Described as an incarnation of Narayana in:-

              • Vishnu Purana
                • Bhagavata Purana
      Rig Veda Mentions Two Tirthankaras:-
                • Rishabh Dev 
                • Arishtanemi (22nd Tirthankara)
      24th Tirthankara:- Mahavira 

      MAHAVIRA
      Born:- In 540BC at Kundalgram near Vaishali in Bihar.

      Death:- In 468BC at Pavapuri near Rajagriha.

      Father:- Siddhartha( head of Jnatrika clan).

      Mother:- Trishla (Lichchhavi princess).

      Wife:- Yashoda

      Daughter:- Priyadarsena his husband Jamali became first discple of Mahavira.

      Renunciation:- At the age of 30
      • Renunciation-  The formal rejection of something, typically a belief, claim, or course of action.
      Kaivalya:- At the age of 42, under a Sal tree at Jimbhika gram on the banks of the river Rijupalika.
      • Kaivalya- Perfect Knowledge

      First Sermon:- At Pava to his Elevan disciples known as Ganddharas.

      Mahavira was called :- Jaina or Jitendriya, Kevalin, Nirgranthas, Arihant, Mahavira.

            • Jaina or Jitendriya- One who conquerred his senses.
            • Kevalin- Perfect Learned.
            • Nirgranthas- From all bond.
            • Arihant- Blessed one.
            • Mahavira- The brave.

      Jainism Councils

      Council

      Year

      Venue

      Chairman

      1st

      300BC

      Pataliputra

      Sthulabhadra

      2nd

      512AD

      Vallabhi

      Devridhigani Kshmasramana

       Three Ratnas of Jainism (Way to Nirvana):-

      • Right Faith ( Samyak Vishwas)
      • Right Knowledge (Samyak Jnan)
      • Right Conduct ( Samyak Karma)

       Five Cardinal Principles:-

      • Non- injury( Ahimsa)- Given by Parsavanath
      • Non- lying(Satya)- Given by Parsavanath
      • Non-stealing(Asteya)- Given by Parsavanath
      • Non-possession(Aparigraha)- Given by Parsavanath
      • Observing celibacy(Brahmacharya)- Given by Mahavira
      After the death of Mahavira:-
      • The followers were divided into two sects-
        • Svetambaras(wear white garment) - Disciple of Sthulabhadra
        • Digambaras(wear no garment) - Disciple of Bhadrabahu
      Beliefs of Mahavira:-
      • God- No
      • Soul- Yes
      • Karma- Yes
      • Cast system- No
      • Transmigration(born again)- No
      Some Facts related to Jainism:-
      • Kalpasutra- Biographies of the Jain tirthankaras.
      • Prakrit language- Maximum sermons.
      • Sallekhana- Abstaining from food and drink with the intention of preparing for death.
      Ancient Jain Monument:-
      • Udaigiri Hills- Vidisha in M.P
      • Ellora- Maharashtra
      • Palitana temples- Gujarat
      • Dilwara temples- Mount Abu, Rajasthan
      • Chaumukha temple- Ranakpur, Rajasthan
      • Girnar jain Temple- Gujarat
      • Jal Mandir- Pawapuri, Bihar